25yr old male with traumatic brain injury secondary to RTA with intraventricular hemorrhage

25 YEAR OLD MALE PATIENT WITH TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY SECONDARY TO RTA WITH INTRAVENTRICULAR HEMORRHAGE 



26th March 2023 


This is an online e log book to discuss our patient de-identified health data shared after taking his / her / guardians signed informed consent. Here we discuss our individual patients problems through series of inputs from available global online community of experts with an aim to solve those patients clinical problem with collective current best evident based input.


This E blog also reflects my patient centered online learning portfolio and your valuable inputs on the comment box is welcome. 

Dr. M. Prathyusha ( Intern )

Roll no : 96


I have been given this case to solve in an attempt to understand the topic of " patient clinical data analysis" to develop my competency in reading and comprehending clinical data including history, clinical findings, investigations and come up with diagnosis and treatment plan.


CASE :  

25 YEAR OLD MALE PATIENT BROUGHT TO CASUALTY WITH H/O FALL FROM BIKE UNDER ALCOHOL INFLUENCE AT 9:30 PM NEAR HALIYA,NALGONDA ON 20/03/23.

AND THEN TAKEN TO HOSPITAL FOR FURTHER MANAGEMENT.PATIENT IS INVESTIGATED AND DIAGNOSED TO HAVE RTA , TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY,WITH INTRAVENTRICULAR HEMORRHAGE WITH FRONTAL BONE FRACTURE WITH ASPIRATION PNEUMONIA AND RIGHT FRONTAL LACERATION SOFT TISSUE REPAIR WITH DEBRIDEMENT WAS DONE ON 20/3/23.

PATIENT WAS INTUBATED ON 20/3/23 I/V/O POOR GCS WITH FIO2: 100% MODE: VC WITH ANTIEPILEPTIC MEDICATIONS.

PATIENT IS SEDATED AND PARALYSED

HR: 101/MIN

BP: 130/80 MMHG

CVS: S1S2+

R/S: BAE+, B/L CREPTS +

PUPILS: SLUGGISH RTL, ASYMMETRICAL SPO2: 98% WITH FIO2: 100%

TEMP: Afebrile 

FOCAL SEIZURES+ (ON & OFF)  

MYOCLONIC JERKS (ON & OFF)

MENTIONED COMPLAINTS, PATIENT IS EXAMINED AND ALL NECESSARY INVESTIGATIONS WERE DONE.

ON EXAMINATION: (20/03/2023) PATIENT IS NOT RESPONDING TO ORAL COMMANDS BUT

SPONTANEOUS MOVEMENTS ARE PRESENT 

2 D ECHO SHOWN NORMAL STUDY

GCS:  E1V1MS

CT BRAIN WAS DONE AND  S/O INTRA VENTRICULAR HEMORRHAGE .

DURING THE HOSPITAL STAY PATIENT HAD 1 SEIZURE EPISODE ON 20/03/23 ( 12:45PM) AND PATIENT MANAGED FOR 2 DAYS 

ET CULTURE SHOWED KLEBSIELLA ON 21/3/23 WITH INTERMEDIATE SENSITIVITY TO AZTREONAM AND EXTUBATED ON 21/03/2023.

AFTER EXTUBATION , PATIENT IS STABLE FOR 2 DAYS AND THEN SHIFTED TO ROOM AND THEN HE HAD H/O INSOMNIA, H/O RESTLESSNESS OVER NIGHT, PATIENT HAD SUDDEN CARDIAC ARREST AT 7.30 AM (25/03/2023) AND AGAIN PATIENT WAS REINTUBATED  AT 7.30 AM ON 25/03/2023. AFTER 2 CYCLES OF CPR PATIENT REVIVED, SHIFTED TO ICU AND  LATER CONNECTED TO MECHANICAL VENTILATOR WITH FIO2: 100% PATIENT HAD FOCAL SEIZURES (ON & OFF),S/O HIE(HYPOXIC ISCHEMIC ENCEPHALOPATHY) WITH STRESS MYOCARDITIS, ANTIEPILEPTIC MEDICATIONS GIVEN, INJ.MIDAZ INFUSION, IONOTROPE  STARTED.

PATIENT SHIFTED HERE FOR FURTHER MANAGEMENT.

TREATMENT GIVEN IN OTHER HOSPITAL:-

1) INJ.AZTREONAM 1 GM/IV/ 1-0-1 (DAY-1)

2) INJ.CLINDAMYCIN 600 MG /IV/ 1-1-1(DAY6

3) INJ.PAN 40 MG /IV/ 1-0-0

4) INJ.LEVERA 1GM /IV/ 1-0-1

 5) INJ.LACOSAM 200 MG /IV/ 1-0-1

6) INJ.NOOTROPIL 800 MG /IV/ 1-1-1

7) INJ.CITICOLINE 500 MG /IV/ 1-0-1

8) INJ.THIAMINE 200 MG /IV/ 1-0-1

9) INJ.OPTINEURON 1 AMP /IV/ 0-1-0

10) INJ.MEGANEURON FORTE 1000 MCG /IV/ 0-1-0 (D4/D5)

11) TAB.TOCOMORE /RT/ 1-0-1

12) TAB.CHYMEROL FORTE /RT/1-1-1 13) TAB.CLOBA 10 MG /RT/ HS (9PM)

14) TAB.CAVIT XT /RT/ 0-1-0

15) TAB.LIBRIUM 10 MG /RT/1-1-1

16) NEB WITH DUOLIN (1-1-1) AND BUDECORT (1-0-1)

17) SYP.GLYCEROL 30 ML WITH WATER /RT/ 1-1-1

18)INJ.NORAD 8 ML/HR IV INFUSION

PAST HISTORY :

NO H/O DM,HTN,EPILEPSY,TB, THYROID,CAD,CVA, ASTHMA

PERSONAL HISTORY:

APPETITE-NORMAL 

DIET - MIXED 

BOWEL - NORMAL

BLADDER- NORMAL(AT PRESENT ON FOLEYS CATHETER)

ADDICTIONS- ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION 

LAST BINGE ON THE DAY OF RTA(20/3/23)

FAMILY HISTORY:

NO SIGNIFICANT FAMILY HISTORY 


GENERAL EXAMINATION:-

PT IS C,C,C 

NO ICTERUS , CYANOSIS, CLUBBING, LYMPHADENOPATHY , PEDAL EDEMA.

VITALS - 

Temp -98.4F

PR - 126bpm

BP - 120/80mmhg

RR - 26cpm

SpO2 - 100% on FIO2 100% 


SYSTEMIC EXAMINATION :



PER ABDOMEN :

INSPECTION :

UMBILICUS IS CENTRAL AND INVERTED

ALL QUADRANTS ARE MOVING EQUALLY WITH RESPIRATION 

NO SINUSES , ENGORGED VEINS, VISIBLE PULSATIONS .

HERNIAL ORIFICES ARE FREE

PALPATION :

ABDOMEN IS SOFT IN CONSISTENCY.

NO ORGANOMEGALY.

LIVER AND SPLEEN - NOT PALPABLE

PERCUSSION : TYMPANIC NOTE HEARD OVER THE ABDOMEN.

AUSCULTATION:BOWEL SOUNDS ARE HEARD.

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM:

INSPECTION:

SHAPE OF CHEST IS ELLIPTICAL. 

NO RAISED JVP

NO VISIBLE PULSATIONS, SCARS , SINUSES , ENGORGED VEINS

PALPATION:

APEX BEAT - FELT AT LEFT 5TH INTERCOSTAL SPACE

NO THRILLS AND PARASTERNAL HEAVES

AUSCULTATION :

S1 AND S2 HEARD. 

RESPIRATORY SYSTEM:

BAE PRESENT, NVBS HEARD

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM:-

PATIENT IS ON MECHANICAL VENTILATOR ON  ACMV -VC MODE 



GCS- E1VtM1 

RR- 14 CPM

FIO2- 100%ON ARRIVAL NOW REDUCED TO60%

PEEP -5 CM OF H2O

Tv- 400ml

Tinsp-1.4 

PATIENT IS SEDATED AND PARALYSED.

INVESTIGATIONS:-

CBP:

Hb -17.0 gm/dl

TLC - 13000cells/ cumm

RBC - 5.81 million

PLT -3.62 lakh

PCV-50.6

PT- 16 SEC

APTT- 33SEC

INR-1.11

BT- 2min30sec

CT- 4 MIN 30 SEC

BGT- B+VE

RBS- 141


CUE :

Albumin- 4+

Sugars - nil

RFT: 

urea - 22mg/dl

Creatinine - 0.7mg/dl

Na - 142mEq/L

K - 3.8mEqL

Cl - 101mEq/L

calcium-9.9

Uric acid -2.0mg/dl

LFT :

TB- 1.43mg/dl

DB- 0.51 mg/dl

SGPT -71 IU/L

SGOT - 126 IU/L

ALP - 146IU/L

TP - 8.2gm/dl

albumin - 4.3gm/dl 

A/G ratio- 1.12


CHEST XRAY :-


ECG-

On25/3/23


On 26/3/23



2D echo -



ABG-

27/03/23



27/3/23





28/3/23


28/3/23



MRI:-







Chest xray:-28/3/23



Fever chart-



Bed sore-


Chest xray on 20/3/23



2d echo on 3/4/23


Chest xray on 21/3 /23 

Culture and sensitivity:-


4/4/23

Chest xray-


ABG-


PROVISIONAL DIAGNOSIS:-

RTA , TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY(SEVERE),WITH INTRAVENTRICULAR HEMORRHAGE WITH FRONTAL BONE FRACTURE WITH ASPIRATION PNEUMONIA (RESOLVED)AND 

s/p -RIGHT FRONTAL LACERATION SOFT TISSUE REPAIR WITH DEBRIDEMENT WAS DONE ON 20/3/23.

FOCAL SEIZURES SECONDARY TO IVH

SUDDEN CARDIAC ARREST-? HIE(HYPOXIC ISCHEMIC ENCEPHALOPATHY) 

S/p POST CPR STATUS

?SEVERE CARDIOMYOPATHY( TAKOTSUBO CARDIOMYOPATHY)

SEVERE LV DYSFUNCTION -LVEF(15-20%)

TREATMENT -

1.RT FEEDS - 100ml water 2nd HRLY 

 200ml milk + 2 scoops protein powder 4th hrly.

2. INJ.NORADRENALINE (2AMP+46 ML NS)

3.INJ.ATRACURIUM 1 amp (diluted)+ 46 ML NS @5ML/HR

4.INJ. MIDAZOLAM@5ML/HR

5.INJ.3%NS @20ML/HR

6.INJ. LEVITARACETAM 1GM IV BD

7. INJ.LACOSAMIDE 200mg IV BD

8.EYE CARE,FREQUENT POSITION CHANGING,AIR BEDDING 

4/4/23

ICU BED NO.1

 S

FEVER SPIKES -PRESENT 

At 11am 103F

At 4pm 105 F

At 1am 101.3F

O

Patient 

GCS-E4V1M4

BP- 110/70 mm hg 

PR- 102 bpm 

RR- 36CPM

FIO2- 21% with CPAP VC

 PEEP -5 CM OF H2O

GRBS-99mg/dl

 Temp- 100.6F

SpO2 - 99% with CPAP VC

I/O- 5600/4050 ml

CVS- S1,S2 heard, no murmurs

 RS- BAE (+), Grunting (+) B/L diffuse

 CNS :BRAIN STEM REFLEXES INTACT

P/A-soft,no organomegaly

A

RTA , TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY(20/3/23) WITH INTRAVENTRICULAR HEMORRHAGE(RESOLVED) WITH ASPIRATION PNEUMONIA(RESOLVED) FRONTAL BONE FRACTURE s/p -RIGHT FRONTAL LACERATION SOFT TISSUE REPAIR WITH DEBRIDEMENT WAS DONE ON 21/3/23.HFMEF (EF-50%) 

SUDDEN CARDIAC ARREST-? HIE ON MECHANICAL VENTILATION DAY-5 (25/3/23) POST CPR STATUS(2CYCLES) ON (25/3/23 ) ANTERIOR WALL MI (EVOLVED) 

S/P TRACHEOSTOMY (29/3/23)

RECURRENT HYPOKALEMIA SECONDARY TO RENAL LOSS WITH GRADE 2 BED SORE (DAY1) ?SEPSIS with LEFT MIDDLE LOBE CONSOLIDATION

P

1.RT FEEDS - 200ml water 2nd HRLY

 200ml milk + 2 scoops protein powder 4th HRLY

2. IV Fluids NS 125ml/hr

3. INJ. SODIUM VALPROATE 1gm IV/BD 

4.INJ. NEOMOL 1GM IV/SOS IF TEMP > 101F

 5.INJ.CLEXANE 4Omg SC/BD( DAY 7)

6.T PCM 650 mg RT/SOS

7.Vitals monitoring 2nd hrly 

8.Temp monitoring 2nd hrly

 9. Strict input,output charting

10.Eye care frequent position change ,air bed , stockings 

11. Neosporin powder and bedsore dressing

12. Hourly suctioning

13.Neb.with Ipravent 4th hourly

14.T.CITICHOLINE 500mg RT/BD

15.T.DONEP-M RT/BD

16.T.AMANTAX 100 mg RT/BD

17.T.BROMOCRIPINE 2.5mg RT/BD

18.INJ. GLYCOPYROLATE 1mg IV/SOS

19.Syp .POTKLOR 15ml RT/TID

20. INJ .PIPTAZ 4.5mg IV/TID( DAY 3)

21.Physiotherapy -chest and B/L upper and lower limbs 


5/4/23

ICU BED NO.1 

S

FEVER SPIKES -PRESENT 

At 11am -101.3F 

O

Patient 

GCS-E4V1M4

BP- 130/90 mm hg 

PR- 82 bpm 

RR- 26CPM

GRBS-110mg/dl 

Temp- 100.6F

SpO2 - 93% ON RA 

I/O- 5000/3900 ml

CVS- S1,S2 heard, no murmurs 

RS- BAE (+), NVBS

CNS :BRAIN STEM REFLEXES INTACT

P/A-soft,no organomegaly


A

RTA , TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY(20/3/23) WITH INTRAVENTRICULAR HEMORRHAGE(RESOLVED) WITH ASPIRATION PNEUMONIA(RESOLVED) FRONTAL BONE FRACTURE s/p -RIGHT FRONTAL LACERATION SOFT TISSUE REPAIR WITH DEBRIDEMENT WAS DONE ON 21/3/23.HFMEF (EF-50%) 

SUDDEN CARDIAC ARREST-? HIE ON MECHANICAL VENTILATION DAY-5 (25/3/23) POST CPR STATUS(2CYCLES) ON (25/3/23 ) ANTERIOR WALL MI (EVOLVED) 

S/P TRACHEOSTOMY (29/3/23)

RECURRENT HYPOKALEMIA WITH GRADE 2 BED SORE (DAY2) ?SEPSIS with LEFT MIDDLE LOBE CONSOLIDATION ? ventilator associated pneumonia 

P

1.RT FEEDS - 200ml water 2nd HRLY 

 200ml milk + 2 scoops protein powder 4th hrly.

2. IV Fluids NS 125ml/hr

3. INJ. SODIUM VALPROATE 1gm IV/BD 

4.INJ. NEOMOL 1GM IV/SOS IF TEMP > 101F 

5.INJ.CLEXANE 4Omg SC/BD( DAY 8)

6.T PCM 650 mg RT/SOS

7.Vitals monitoring 2nd hrly 

8.Temp monitoring 2nd hrly 

9. Strict input,output charting

10.Eye care frequent position change ,air bed , stockings 

11. Neosporin powder and bedsore dressing

12. Hourly suctioning 

13.Neb.with Ipravent 4th hourly 

14.T.CITICHOLINE 500mg RT/BD

15.T.DONEP-M RT/BD

16.T.AMANTAX 100 mg RT/BD

17.T.BROMOCRIPINE 2.5mg RT/BD 

18.INJ. GLYCOPYROLATE 1mg IV/SOS

19.Syp.POTKLOR 15ml RT/TID

20. INJ .PIPTAZ 4.5mg IV/TID( DAY 4)

21.Physiotherapy -chest and B/L upper and lower limbs 


6/4/23

ICU BED NO.1 

S

FEVER SPIKES -PRESENT 

At 11pm 101

O

Patient 

GCS-E4V1M4

BP- 130/70 mm hg 

PR- 102 bpm 

RR- 26CPM

GRBS-103 mg/dl 

Temp- 99.8F

SpO2 - 97% ON RA 

I/O- 4500/4600 ml

CVS- S1,S2 heard, no murmurs 

RS- BAE (+), NVBS

CNS :BRAIN STEM REFLEXES INTACT

P/A-soft,no organomegaly


A

RTA , TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY(20/3/23) WITH INTRAVENTRICULAR HEMORRHAGE(RESOLVED) WITH ASPIRATION PNEUMONIA(RESOLVED) FRONTAL BONE FRACTURE s/p -RIGHT FRONTAL LACERATION SOFT TISSUE REPAIR WITH DEBRIDEMENT WAS DONE ON 21/3/23.HFMEF (EF-50%) 

SUDDEN CARDIAC ARREST-? HIE ON MECHANICAL VENTILATION DAY-5 (25/3/23) POST CPR STATUS(2CYCLES) ON (25/3/23 ) ANTERIOR WALL MI (EVOLVED) 

S/P TRACHEOSTOMY (29/3/23)

RECURRENT HYPOKALEMIA WITH GRADE 2 BED SORE (DAY2) ?SEPSIS with LEFT MIDDLE LOBE CONSOLIDATION ? ventilator associated pneumonia 


P

1.RT FEEDS - 200ml water 2nd HRLY 

 200ml milk + 2 scoops protein powder 4th hrly.

2. IV Fluids NS 125ml/hr

3. INJ. SODIUM VALPROATE 1gm IV/BD 

4.INJ. NEOMOL 1GM IV/SOS IF TEMP > 101F 

5.INJ.CLEXANE 4Omg SC/BD( DAY 8)

6.T PCM 650 mg RT/SOS

7.Vitals monitoring 2nd hrly 

8.Temp monitoring 2nd hrly 

9. Strict input,output charting

10.Eye care frequent position change ,air bed , stockings 

11. Neosporin powder and bedsore dressing

12. Hourly suctioning 

13.Neb.with IPRAVENT 4th hourly 

14.T.CITICHOLINE 500mg RT/BD

15.T.DONEP-M RT/BD

16.T.AMANTAX 100 mg RT/BD

17.T.BROMOCRIPINE 2.5mg RT/BD 

18.INJ. GLYCOPYROLATE 1mg IV/SOS

19.Syp .POTKLOR 15ml RT/TID

20. INJ .PIPTAZ 4.5mg IV/TID( DAY 4)

21.Physiotherapy -chest and B/L upper and lower limbs 


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